Pera Palace Hotel Construction Technology

From the first quarter of the 18th century, a new perspective for European civilization was adopted by the Ottoman Empire and this Westernization concept was transformed into an essential revolutionary movement in governmental and social structure. Therefore, the initials steps of implementing any change were taken with the decision of constructing the buildings with new functions that are required as the necessary structures of modern state and public, according to European architectural design models with modern building materials and construction technologies. Building materials fabricated by European industry, such as brick, steel and concrete, as well as construction technologies like brick arch, steel-frame and concrete were important determinants in the historical evolution of Ottoman architecture after the first quarter of the 19th century. One of the first structures built with the new function and construction technology of Ottoman architecture is Pera Palace Hotel (1895) designed by famous architect of this period, Alexander Vallaury. Apart from the Ottoman palaces, it�s a building that the first electricity is supplied, the first elevator is located and the first hot water is active. In this paper, the architectural characteristics of the first modern hotel structure built in the Pera region, the construction system vertically supported by prefabricated bricks and arched floor with steel beams will be carried out in the frame of the original architectural projects. The significance of the building will be revealed in terms of cultural values of the Ottoman architecture.

Keywords: 19th century, arched floor system, Istanbul; Ottoman architecture; steel beam.

Pera Palas Oteli Yap�m Teknolojisi

Banu �elebio�lu, Uzay Yerg�n
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Restorasyon Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul

18. y�zy�l�n ilk �eyre�inden itibaren Osmanl� Devlet�inde Avrupa uygarl��na kar�� bir a��l�m ba�lam�� ve bu bat�l�la�ma olgusu Tanzimat d�nemiyle birlikte devlet ve toplum yap�s�ndaki k�kl� bir modernle�me hareketine d�n��m��t�r. De�i�imin simgesel g�r�nt�s�n� ise �stanbul�a kazand�r�lmak istenen bat�l� bir ba�kent imaj� olu�turmaktad�r. Fakat ah�ap yap�lardan meydana gelen geleneksel kent dokusunun olu�turdu�u �eli�ki, kentsel ve mimari yap�da k�kl� bir de�i�imi gerektirmi�tir. Bu nedenle uygulamaya y�nelik ilk ad�mlar Tanzimat reformlar� do�rultusunda �a�da� devlet ve toplum yap�s�n�n gereksinim duydu�u y�netim, e�itim, sa�l�k, ula��m ve kamu d�zenine ait yeni yap� t�rlerinin, Avrupa mimarl��n�n tasar�m kal�plar�n�n yan� s�ra d�nemin modern yap� malzemesi ve yap� �retim teknolojileri kullan�larak in�a edilmesine karar verilme-siyle at�lm��t�r. Avrupa end�strisinin �retti�i fabrikasyon tu�la, �elik putrel ve beton gibi yap� malzemeleri ve bu malzemelerle �ekillenen �elik iskelet, ciment-arme, fer-beton (ferro-concrete) ve betonarme iskelet gibi yap�m teknolojileri, Osmanl� mimarl��n�n 19. y�zy�l�n ilk y�llar�ndan sonraki tarihsel geli�im s�recinin �ekillenmesine etken olmu�tur. Osmanl� �mparatorlu�u�nda yeni i�lev ve yap�m teknolojisiyle in�a edilmi� ilk yap�lardan olan Pera Palas Oteli (1895) Levanten mimar Alexander Vallaury taraf�ndan tasarlanm��, Osmanl� Saraylar��ndan sonra ilk kez asans�r�n kullan�ld��, elektri�in ve s�cak suyun sa�land�� yap� olmu�tur. Bu makalede Pera b�lgesinde in�a edilmi� ilk modern otel yap�s�n�n mimari �zellikleri, dolu tu�la y��ma duvarlar ve �elik iskelet sistemin birlikte kullan�ld�� zg�n yap�m sistemi incelenecek, yap�n�n tarihi ve k�lt�rel de�erleri irdelencektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: 19. y�zy�l, volta d��eme, �stanbul; Osmanl� mimarisi; �elik karkas.

Banu �elebio�lu, Uzay Yerg�n. Pera Palace Hotel Construction Technology. Megaron. 2019; 14(1): 11-17

Corresponding Author: Banu �elebio�lu, T�rkiye

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