Megaron. 2016; 11(3): 318-332 | DOI: 10.5505/megaron.2016.60490 | |||
Stone Finials in Ottoman Period Religious Buildings in Bitola, Ohrid, and Skopje Cities of MacedoniaGülşen Dişli1, Nurcan İnci-Fırat21Prime Ministry Directorate General Of Foundations Department Of Art And Construction Works, Ankara, Turkey2Prime Ministry Directorate General Of Foundations Department Of Foreign Relations, Ankara, Turkey Finials, observed in Anatolia since 7000 B.C., have been used in various religions and societies in different forms and symbolic meanings, and have been applied by Turks with great success above the tents and building tops and on spearheads. In Ottoman period, they were also used above the dome, vault, minaret and minber tops of many architectural building types such as mosque, madrasa, tomb and fountain. Either in historic buildings, the finials have never been studied or the existing researches concentrated on the metal finials. Research on stone finials is rather limited. This study aims at defining general characteristics, typological documentation, and inventory of stone finials in religious architectural buildings located in city centers of Macedonia, as an architectural element rather than focusing on their symbolic meanings. Hence, it is intended that the data obtained from the research on existing stone finials of case study nine mosques and two tombs built in 15th-18th century in Macedonia, have been a comparative study for the similar building types in similar regions during their restorations. First, definition of finial, its historiography, and functions have been explained in detail, and material, technique, and formal features, size, dimension, and ratios of finials have been studied. Stone finials in case study mosques and tombs of Macedonia have been assessed according to their forms, type of building they have been located, according to their location inside the building and their material by means of historic photos, engravings and in-situ observations. Keywords: Macedonia, stone finials, religious architecture, typologyMakedonya’nın Manastır, Ohri ve Üsküp Şehirlerindeki Osmanlı Dönemi Dini Yapılarında Taş AlemlerGülşen Dişli1, Nurcan İnci-Fırat21Başbakanlık Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Sanat Eserleri Ve Yapı İşleri Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye2Başbakanlık Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Dış İlişkiler Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye Anadolu’da M.Ö. 7000 yılından itibaren görülen alem, çeşitli din ve toplumlarda farklı formlarda ve sembolik anlamlarda kullanılmış, Türkler tarafından çadır ve bina tepelerinde, mızrak uçlarında, Osmanlı Döneminde de cami, medrese, türbe ve şadırvan gibi pek çok yapı tipinin örtü sistemlerinde başarıyla uygulanmıştır. Gülşen Dişli, Nurcan İnci-Fırat. Stone Finials in Ottoman Period Religious Buildings in Bitola, Ohrid, and Skopje Cities of Macedonia. Megaron. 2016; 11(3): 318-332 Corresponding Author: Gülşen Dişli, Türkiye |
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