Analysis of Hazard Sources in External Escape Stairs within the Context of International Principles

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Analysis of Hazard Sources in External Escape Stairs within the Context of International Principles [Megaron]

Megaron. 2020; 15(2): 285-297 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2020.40316

Analysis of Hazard Sources in External Escape Stairs within the Context of International Principles

Erkan Avlar, H�sniye Sueda Y�ld�r�m
Y�ld�z Technical University, Department of Architecture, �stanbul

The external escape stairs with limited and risky usage conditions, designed outside of the buildings cause life-safety dangers. It is well-known that the safety hazards of these stairs lead to loss of lives in the past. In this context, within the scope of the study, physical conditions of external escape stairs of existing buildings were examined in terms of providing an easy and fast escape from the buildings during a fire, and reducing the risk on someone�s life safety. Based on the results, suggestions for solutions were made to eliminate or reduce the potential risks of external escape stairs. It is assumed that these suggestions will be beneficial for preventing possible health problems and loss of lives occurred at the external escape stairs and minimizing the potential damages faced by the users. In this study, automated building code compliance checking system is used. First of all, the potential sources of hazard in the external escape stairs are identified. It is thought that identifying the sources that could pose a hazard for people during the evacuation from the building in case of a fire can be beneficial to ensure taking necessary fire safety measures. Within the scope of the study, safety hazards related to different sources that could affect the life safety of users were also determined These sources were subsumed under two categories: access and usage. Besides, the physical conditions of external escape stairs were analyzed in the context of fire-related codes, standards and regulations valid in Turkey, United States of America, England and Russia.

Keywords: External escape stair, analysis of the safety hazards; international fire safety legislation; fire safety.

D�� Ka�� Merdivenlerindeki Tehlike Kaynaklar�n�n Uluslararas� Kurallar Ba�lam�nda Analizi

Erkan Avlar, H�sniye Sueda Y�ld�r�m
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, �stanbul

Bina d��nda d�zenlenen ve kullan�m ko�ullar� s�n�rl�, zor ve riskli olan d�� ka�� merdivenleri, can g�venli�i a��s�ndan tehlikeli ortamlar olu�turmaktad�r. Bu merdivenlerdeki tehlikeler nedeniyle can kay�plar� ya�and�� bilinmektedir. Bu ba�lamda �al��mada, yang�n an�nda binalardan ka��n hem kolay ve h�zl� hem de can g�venli�ini tehlikeye atmayacak bir bi�imde sa�lanabilmesi i�in, d�� ka�� merdivenlerinin fiziki ko�ullar� g�zden ge�irilmektedir. �al��ma sonucunda elde edilen verilere g�re d�� ka�� merdivenlerindeki olas� g�venlik tehlikeleri nedeniyle olu�abilecek risklerin ortadan kald�r�lmas� ya da azalt�lmas� i�in ��z�m �nerileri geli�tirilmektedir. Geli�tirilen �nerilerin d�� ka�� merdivenlerinde meydana gelebilecek can kay�plar� ve sa�l�k sorunlar�n�n �nlenmesinde yararl� olabilece�i, kullan�c�lar�n kar��la�abilece�i olas� zararlar� en aza indirilebilece�i varsay�lmaktad�r. Bu �al��mada, bina y�netmelik uygunluk kontrol� y�ntemi kullan�lm��t�r. �ncelikle d�� ka�� merdivenlerindeki g�venli�e y�nelik olas� tehlike kaynaklar� belirlenmektedir. Yang�n an�nda, insanlar�n binadan tahliye edilirken g�venlik tehlikesi olu�turabilecek kaynaklar�n belirlenmesi, yang�n g�venlik �nlemlerinin eksiksiz bir bi�imde al�nmas�na yard�mc� olabilir. Ara�t�rma kapsam�nda, kullan�c�lar a��s�ndan can g�venli�ini etkileyecek farkl� kaynaklara ba�l� g�venlik tehlikeleri de belirlenmi�tir. Bu kaynaklar, �al��ma kapsam�nda yap�lan ara�t�rma sonucunda elde edilen verilere g�re, eri�im ve kullan�m olmak �zere iki grup alt�nda s�n�fland�r�lmakta ve d�� ka�� merdivenlerinin fiziki ko�ullar� T�rkiye ile birlikte Amerika, �ngiltere ve Rusya�da ge�erli olan yang�nla ilgili kod, standart ve y�netmeliklerdeki kurallar ba�lam�nda analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: D�� ka�� merdiveni, g�venlik tehlikelerinin analizi; uluslararas� yang�n kurallar�; yang�n g�venli�i.

Erkan Avlar, H�sniye Sueda Y�ld�r�m. Analysis of Hazard Sources in External Escape Stairs within the Context of International Principles. Megaron. 2020; 15(2): 285-297

Corresponding Author: H�sniye Sueda Y�ld�r�m, T�rkiye

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