Modernity, Hygiene And The Display of the Body

This article aims to focus on health museums as a building type which is introduced to the architectural medium at the beginning of 20th century by modern thinking, the ideal of creating a healthy society as the guarantee of progress and development. Health museums provided representation for the concepts of modernity and hygiene in built environment by being spaces displaying bodies, diseases, subjects on hygiene and medical developments.
As a modest building with its scale and content, �zmir Health Exhibition building in �zmir Fair will be analyzed to show how it contributed to 1920s and 1930s modern architecture in Turkey, what were the messages representational meanings transmitted. The existence of this building, constructed in 1937 in �zmir, should be comprehended through health policies all around the world, social engineering efforts and the process of modernization. The building points out a use that is produced by modern architecture, but today it is a type waning popularity in contemporary world. Looking back into this building today helps us to understand rising and declining values of modernity on the discourse of hygiene and its effect on the field of architecture. Thus, the contribution of �zmir Health Exhibition building to early modern Turkish architecture will be discussed by considering similar exhibitions and museums around the world.

Keywords: modernity, hygiene, body, health museum, health exhibition, �zmir

Modernite, Hijyen ve Bedenin Te�hiri

Ebru Y�lmaz
�zmir Y�ksek Teknoloji Enstit�s�, Mimarl�k B�l�m�

Bu makale, modern d��ncenin, 20.yy ba��nda ilerlemenin, geli�menin garantisi olarak g�r�len sa�l�kl� bir toplum yaratma idealinin, mimarl�k ortam�na kazand�rd�� bir yap� tipi olarak sa�l�k m�zelerine yak�ndan bakmay� ama�lar. Sa�l�k m�zeleri bedenin, bedenle ili�kili hastal�k ve hijyen konular�n�n, t�bbi geli�melerin te�hir edildi�i mekanlar olarak, modernite ve hijyen kavramlar�n�n yap�l� �evrede temsiliyet kazanmas�n� sa�lam��t�r.
Makalede bug�n �zmir Fuar alan� i�inde �l�e�i ve i�eri�i ile m�tevaz� bir bi�imde yer alan �zmir Sa�l�k Sergisi yap�s�n�n, 1920�lerin ve 1930�lar�n T�rk mimarl�k tarihine hangi temsillerle ve mesajlarla kat�ld�� ve nas�l onun par�as� olmay� ba�ard�� analiz edilecektir. 1937 y�l�nda �zmir�de in�a edilmi� olan bu yap�n�n varl�k sebebini o d�nemde t�m d�nyadaki sa�l�k politikalar�, toplum m�hendisli�i �abalar� ve modernle�me s�recinin bir par�as� olarak g�rmek gerekir. Bug�n, ba�ka bir kullan�m ile varl��n� s�rd�ren yap� modern mimarl��n �retti�i ancak bug�n �a�da� d�nyada pop�lerli�i zay�flam�� bir yap� tipine i�aret eder. Bu yap�ya d�n�p tekrar bakmak modernli�in y�kselen ve de�er kaybeden hijyen alan�ndaki s�ylemlerini ve onun mimarl�k alan�na etkisini analiz etmemizi sa�layacakt�r. Bu sebeple, yaz�da d�nya �zerindeki benzer sergi ve m�zelerin temsiliyetleri ile birlikte �zmir Sa�l�k Sergisi yap�s�n�n Erken Cumhuriyet T�rk Mimarl��na katk�s� tart��lacakt�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: modernite, hijyen, beden, sa�l�k m�zesi, sa�l�k sergileri, �zmir

Ebru Y�lmaz. Modernity, Hygiene And The Display of the Body. Megaron. 2016; 11(4): 502-514

Corresponding Author: Ebru Y�lmaz, T�rkiye

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