A Documentation and Conservation Method for Water Mills

G�lferah �rs �orap��o�lu¹, Demet Ulusoy Binan²
¹Department of Architecture, �stanbul Arel University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey
²Department of Restoration, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey

Watermills are examples of industrial heritage carrying traces of improvement in hydraulic power technology and reveal societies� cultural structure and lifestyle since the ancient times. They are �historical documents� in terms of structure type, assembly, and production techniques. A research conducted on the water mills of Anatolia known to be used for grinding in three different water basins revealed that watermills surviving to the present day are not considered cultural heritage and are unregistered; hence, a study for the conservation of these structures was decided to be started. To effectively conserve them, creating inventories for the identified watermills was undertaken. Accordingly, a �watermill inventory� model was developed by creating two different forms about settlement and structure details, using the T�BA-T�KSEK Turkish Cultural Inventory Project principles as guidelines. These forms were used for documenting 25 watermills identified in �Eastern Black Sea Basin� and ��a�layan, Sulak, Ar�l�� subbasins. The watermills were examined according to criteria based on their originality and integrity of their structure and technology. The original structural sustainability of the watermills was determined to be under threat, and the determined deteriorations were numerically evaluated according to their form, location, and significance. Based on results of the evaluation, a conservation approach was designed and used to identify watermills having priority for conservation according to the structures ranked according to their deterioration status.

Keywords: Documentation, Eastern Black Sea, industrial heritage, conservation, water mill.

Su De�irmenlerine Y�nelik Bir Belgeleme ve Koruma Y�ntemi

G�lferah �rs �orap��o�lu¹, Demet Ulusoy Binan²
¹�stanbul Arel �niversitesi, M�hendislik Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, �stanbul
²Mimar Sinan G�zel Sanatlar �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Restorasyon Ana Bilim Dal�, �stanbul

Su de�irmenleri; ilk �a�lardan ba�layarak su g�c� teknolojisindeki geli�imin izlerini ta��yan, toplumlar�n k�lt�rel yap�s�n� ve ya�am bi�imini yans�tan end�stri miras� �rnekleri olup, yap� tipleri, d�zenekleri ve �retim teknikleri a��s�ndan �tarihi belge� niteli�i ta��maktad�r. Anadolu�da genellikle ��tme ama�l� kullan�ld�� bilinen su de�irmenlerinin �lkemizin �� farkl� su havzas�nda �n tespit ama�l� ara�t�r�lmas� sonucunda; g�n�m�ze ula�an �rneklerin k�lt�r miras� olarak de�erlendirilmelerinin g�z ard� edildi�i ve tescilsiz oldu�u saptanarak, �oklu tehditler alt�nda tahrip olan bu yap�lar�n korunmas� konusunda bir �al��ma ba�lat�lmas� gerekli g�r�lm��t�r. Etkin koruman�n ilk ad�m�n�n korunacak k�lt�r varl��n�n belgelenmesiyle ba�lamas� do�rultusunda, tespit edilen de�irmenlerin envanterlenerek korunmas� hedeflenmi�tir. Buna y�nelik T�BA-T�KSEK T�rkiye K�lt�r Envanteri Projesi k�lavuzu ilkeleri do�rultusunda, yerle�me ve yap� �l�e�inde iki ayr� fi� olu�turularak �de�irmen envanteri� modeli geli�tirilmi�tir. Fi�ler �Do�u Karadeniz Havzas�� a�layan, Sulak, Ar�l�� alt havzalar�nda tespit edilen (25) su de�irmeninin korunmas� s�recinin ba�lat�lmas� amac�yla belgeleme �al��malar�nda kullan�lm��t�r. Yap� ve teknolojik sistem olarak �zg�nl�k ve b�t�nl�k a��s�ndan de�irmenlere �zg� belirlenen �l��tlere g�re sorgulanan de�irmenlerin, �zg�n yap�sal ve bi�imsel s�rd�r�lebilirliklerinin tehdit alt�nda oldu�u tespit edilmi�tir. Saptanan bozulmalar yap�sal ve bi�imsel a��lardan bozulman�n �ekline, yerine ve �nemine g�re say�sal olarak de�erlendirilmi�tir. Sonuca g�re yap�lan s�ralamada bozulma durumu a��s�ndan k�t� durumda olup acil �nlem al�nmas� gereken yap�lar�n belirlendi�i bir koruma yakla��m� ortaya konmu�tur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Belgeleme, Do�u Karadeniz, end�stri miras�, koruma, su de�irmeni.

G�lferah �rs �orap��o�lu, Demet Ulusoy Binan. A Documentation and Conservation Method for Water Mills. Megaron. 2017; 12(2): 228-248

Corresponding Author: G�lferah �rs �orap��o�lu, T�rkiye

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